PO.PP.Vsh.Spectrometric

Description

Three shale indices from a spectral gamma ray log, returned as one row: thorium, potassium, then the uranium-free curve. Each index is the linear pick between the clean and shale responses of that curve. Thorium and potassium avoid uranium that is not in the clay, which is why the total gamma ray on its own misleads in a radioactive sand. I_Th = (Th_log − Th_min) / (Th_shale − Th_min), and the same shape for potassium and for the uranium-free gamma ray. The three numbers are not averaged and not reduced to a minimum; that choice is left to the sheet.

Formula

=LAMBDA(Th_log, Th_min, Th_sh, K_log, K_min, K_sh, Uf_log, Uf_min, Uf_sh, HSTACK((Th_log-Th_min)/(Th_sh-Th_min), (K_log-K_min)/(K_sh-K_min), (Uf_log-Uf_min)/(Uf_sh-Uf_min)))

Parameters

Parameter Unit Description
Th_log ppm Thorium in the zone of interest
Th_min ppm Thorium in the lowest-radioactivity zone
Th_sh ppm Thorium in shale
K_log percent Potassium in the zone of interest
K_min percent Potassium in the lowest-radioactivity zone
K_sh percent Potassium in shale
Uf_log API Uranium-free gamma ray in the zone of interest
Uf_min API Uranium-free gamma ray in the lowest-radioactivity zone
Uf_sh API Uranium-free gamma ray in shale

Examples

Invocation Expected
=PO.PP.Vsh.Spectrometric(8, 2, 14, 2, 0.5, 3.5, 40, 10, 70) [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
=PO.PP.Vsh.Spectrometric(6, 2, 14, 1.5, 0.5, 3.5, 25, 10, 70) [0.33333333, 0.33333333, 0.25]

Related Lambdas

PO.PP.F.Archie(a, Phi, m)

Formation resistivity factor from Archie's equation. It is the ratio of the resistivity of a rock fully saturated with water to the resistivity of that water, expressed through porosity. F = a / φ^m. Porosity is a fraction. a and m come from a log-log plot of F against porosity, or from a named pair such as Humble.

PO.PP.Sw.Archie(a, m, n, Phi, Rw, Rt)

Water saturation in a clean formation from the general Archie equation. Porosity, water resistivity and true resistivity fix the bulk volume of water once the tortuosity factor, cementation exponent and saturation exponent are chosen. Sw = ((a / φ^m) * (Rw / Rt))^(1/n). Porosity is a fraction, resistivities are ohm·m, and a, m and n are dimensionless. With Vsh = 0 the shaly-sand equations in this batch reduce toward this one, at the a and m those equations bake in.

PO.PP.Perm.Carothers.Sandstone(F)

Sandstone permeability from the formation factor, the correlation Carothers published in 1968. It is a statistical fit, not a pore-scale derivation, and it applies to sandstones. The limestone fit is a different equation and is not this one. k = 7×10^8 / F^4.5, with k in millidarcies and F dimensionless.

PO.PP.Porosity.FromDensity(Rho_ma, Rho_b, Rho_f)

Porosity from the density log in a clean formation. The bulk density sits between the matrix density and the fluid density, and the fraction of the way across is the porosity. φ = (ρma − ρb) / (ρma − ρf). All three densities share one unit, g/cm³ on a density log. Shale and gas corrections are not in this equation.

PO.PP.Rw.FromSsp(SSP, Rmf_eq, T_F)

Equivalent formation-water resistivity from the static spontaneous potential, for water in which NaCl dominates. The SP equation is SSP = −K log10(Rmfe / Rwe), with K = 61 + 0.133 T and T in °F. Solving for the water resistivity gives Rwe = Rmfe · 10^(SSP / K). SSP is negative in the usual case of a fresher mud filtrate opposite a saltier formation water, and Rwe then comes out smaller than Rmfe. The result is the equivalent resistivity at formation temperature, which is what the NaCl form of the SP equation solves. The chart that turns Rwe into true Rw is not a closed form and is not in this lambda.

PO.PP.Sw.Fertl(F, Phi_e, Rt, Rw, Vsh, Rsh)

Water saturation from the Fertl and Hammack shaly-sand equation. The first term is the clean-sand Archie saturation at n = 2, written with a formation factor you supply. The second term subtracts the extra conductivity of the shale. Sw = sqrt(F Rw / Rt) − Vsh Rw / (0.4 φe Rsh). A large shale term can push the result through zero; the equation is returned as written, not clipped to 0–1.

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