Drilling Hydraulics & ECD Program

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112 rows x 7 columns

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
1 Drilling Hydraulics & ECD Program
2 Blue cells on yellow are inputs. Enter the Fann 35 readings from the latest mud check and the bit's nozzle sizes.
3
4 Well Geometry
5 Measured depth of the bit (TD) 12500 ft
6 True vertical depth of the bit 11800 ft
7 Casing shoe measured depth 8500 ft
8 Casing shoe true vertical depth 8200 ft
9 Casing inside diameter (9⅝" 47 lb/ft) 8.681 in
10 Bit (open hole) diameter 8.5 in
11
12 Drill String
13 Component OD (in) ID (in) Length (ft) Capacity (bbl/ft) Volume (bbl)
14 Drill pipe (length = TD less the BHA) 5 4.276 11,360 0.01776 201.8
15 Heavy-weight drill pipe 5 3 540 0.00874 4.7
16 Drill collars 6.5 2.813 600 0.00769 4.6
17 Drill string 12,500 211.1
18
19 Annulus (open hole below the shoe, casing above)
20 Section Hole ID (in) Pipe OD (in) Length (ft) Capacity (bbl/ft) Volume (bbl)
21 Drill collars × open hole 8.5 6.5 600 0.02914 17.5
22 Heavy-weight × open hole 8.5 5 540 0.04590 24.8
23 Drill pipe × open hole 8.5 5 2,860 0.04590 131.3
24 Drill collars × casing 8.681 6.5 0 0.03216 0.0
25 Heavy-weight × casing 8.681 5 0 0.04892 0.0
26 Drill pipe × casing 8.681 5 8,500 0.04892 415.8
27 Annulus 12,500 589.4
28
29 Mud and Fann 35 Readings
30 Mud weight 11.2 ppg
31 600 rpm dial reading 58 lb/100ft²
32 300 rpm dial reading 36 lb/100ft²
33 200 rpm dial reading 28 lb/100ft²
34 100 rpm dial reading 19 lb/100ft²
35 6 rpm dial reading 6 lb/100ft²
36 3 rpm dial reading 5 lb/100ft²
37 10-minute gel strength 12 lb/100ft²
38
39 Pump and Bit
40 Flow rate 500 gpm
41 Surface equipment pressure loss (standpipe, hose, swivel, kelly or top drive) 90 psi
42 Bit nozzles, 32nds of an inch (0 = empty slot) 11 11 11 11 11 0
43
44 Pore and Fracture Pressure (equivalent mud weight)
45 Pore pressure at the shoe 9.6 ppg
46 Fracture pressure at the shoe (leak-off) 14.8 ppg
47 Pore pressure at TD 10.9 ppg
48 Fracture pressure at TD 15.6 ppg
49
50 Rheology
51 Plastic viscosity (θ600 − θ300) 22 cP
52 Yield point (θ300 − PV) 14 lb/100ft²
53 Power-law flow behavior index n 0.688 —
54 Power-law consistency index K 252.0 eq cp
55 Herschel-Bulkley yield stress (2θ3 − θ6, held to 0…θ3) 4.0 lb/100ft²
56 Herschel-Bulkley flow behavior index 0.754 —
57 Herschel-Bulkley consistency index 0.2896 lb·sⁿ/100ft²
58
59 Rheogram (dial reading, lb/100ft², against the three models)
60 Speed (rpm) Shear rate (1/s) Measured Bingham plastic Power law Herschel-Bulkley
61 600 1021.8 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0
62 300 510.9 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0
63 200 340.6 28.0 28.7 27.2 27.6
64 100 170.3 19.0 21.3 16.9 18.0
65 6 10.2 6.0 14.4 2.4 5.7
66 3 5.1 5.0 14.2 1.5 5.0
67
68 Drill String Pressure Losses
69 Component Velocity (ft/s) Reynolds number Regime Loss (psi)
70 Drill pipe (length = TD less the BHA) 11.2 10,265 Turbulent 1,131.0
71 Heavy-weight drill pipe 22.7 20,393 Turbulent 266.4
72 Drill collars 25.8 23,101 Turbulent 395.8
73 Drill string 1,793
74
75 Annular Pressure Losses
76 Section Velocity (ft/min) Reynolds number Regime Loss (psi)
77 Drill collars × open hole 408 2,875 Turbulent 79.7
78 Heavy-weight × open hole 259 2,328 Laminar 10.5
79 Drill pipe × open hole 259 2,328 Laminar 55.6
80 Drill collars × casing 370 2,681 Turbulent 0.0
81 Heavy-weight × casing 243 2,216 Laminar 0.0
82 Drill pipe × casing 243 2,216 Laminar 145.3
83 Annulus 291
84 Annulus above the shoe (cased sections) 145
85
86 Bit Hydraulics
87 Total flow area 0.464 in²
88 Bit pressure drop 1,198 psi
89 Nozzle jet velocity 346 ft/s
90 Hydraulic horsepower at the bit 349 hp
91 Hydraulic horsepower per square inch (HSI) 6.16 hp/in²
92 Jet impact force 1,003 lbf
93
94 Circulating System
95 Surface equipment 90 psi
96 Drill string 1,793 psi
97 Bit 1,198 psi
98 Annulus 291 psi
99 Standpipe pressure 3,372 psi
100 Share of standpipe pressure spent at the bit 35.5 %
101 Pump pressure to break circulation (gels in the string) 122 psi
102
103 Equivalent Circulating Density
104 ECD at the shoe 11.54 ppg
105 ECD at TD 11.67 ppg
106 Shoe check OK: ECD below the fracture pressure at the shoe
107 TD check OK: ECD below the fracture pressure at TD
108 Overbalance check OK: static mud weight above pore pressure at TD
109 Mud Weight Window (ppg)
110 Depth Pore pressure Mud weight ECD Fracture pressure
111 Casing shoe 9.60 11.20 11.54 14.80
112 TD 10.90 11.20 11.67 15.60
113
Rheogram: Fann 35 readings and model fits 0 20 40 60 Dial reading (lb/100ft²) 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 Shear rate (1/s)
Bingham plastic Power law Herschel-Bulkley Measured
Mud weight window: pore, mud, ECD and fracture 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Equivalent mud weight (ppg) Casing shoe TD
Pore pressure Mud weight ECD Fracture pressure

Description

The whole circulating system of one well on one page. Enter Fann 35 readings from the mud check, the flow rate, the nozzle sizes and the pore and fracture pressures. The sheet fits Bingham plastic, power-law and Herschel-Bulkley models and plots them against the readings. It computes the pressure loss in each drill string component and in each of the six annulus sections (collars, heavy-weight and drill pipe, each against open hole and against casing), and gives the bit pressure drop, jet velocity, hydraulic horsepower, HSI and impact force. These add up to the standpipe pressure and the share of it spent at the bit. The ECD at the shoe and at TD is charted against the pore and fracture window, with checks on both and on static overbalance.

Parameters:

  • Well geometry and drill string: As on the kill sheet: bit and shoe depths, casing ID, bit size, and the OD, ID and length of each string component (ft, in)
  • MW: Mud weight (ppg)
  • θ600 … θ3: Fann 35 dial readings at 600, 300, 200, 100, 6 and 3 rpm (lb/100ft²)
  • Gel strength: 10-minute gel (lb/100ft²)
  • Q: Flow rate (gpm)
  • Surface equipment loss: Standpipe, hose, swivel and kelly or top drive (psi)
  • Nozzles: Up to six nozzle sizes in 32nds of an inch, 0 for an empty slot
  • Pore and fracture pressure: At the shoe and at TD, as equivalent mud weight (ppg)

Method: PV = θ600 − θ300 and YP = θ300 − PV. The power-law index n = 3.32 log(θ600/θ300) and K = 510 θ300 / 511ⁿ eq cp. The Herschel-Bulkley yield stress is the API RP 13D estimate 2θ3 − θ6, and its n and K are the power-law fit with the yield stress taken off. Pipe and annulus losses use Bourgoyne et al.'s power-law equations, with the annulus treated as a slot. Flow is laminar below the API RP 13D limit 3470 − 1370n; above it, Blasius gives the friction factor, f = 0.0791 / Re^0.25. Bit pressure drop = MW Q² / (10858 TFA²), which embeds a 0.95 nozzle discharge coefficient. Jet impact force = 0.01823 × 0.95 × Q √(MW Δp). ECD = MW + annular loss / (0.052 TVD): at the shoe only the cased sections count, at TD the whole annulus. The formulas are the sheet's own _PO.DE.* LAMBDAs, so it calculates with no add-in installed.

Example: 500 gpm of 11.2 ppg mud (PV 22, YP 14, n 0.69) in the kill sheet's well, through five 11/32" nozzles. The losses are about 1,790 psi in the string, 1,200 psi at the bit and 290 psi in the annulus, for a standpipe pressure near 3,370 psi with 35% of it at the bit. The ECD is 11.54 ppg at the shoe and 11.67 ppg at TD, well inside the window.

How to use this blueprint
  1. In Excel, go to the Petroleum Office ribbon tab and click Blueprint Manager
  2. Search for Drilling Hydraulics & ECD Program
  3. Click on the blueprint to preview
  4. Click Insert to place it into your worksheet. Modify the input values to match your data.
Tags:
drillinghydraulicsECDrheologypower-lawherschel-bulkleybit-hydraulicsHSIimpact-forcepressure-lossstandpipe-pressure

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